Response Time Analysis for RT-MQTT Protocol Grounded on SDN

The current industry trend is to replace the use of custom components with standards-based Commercially available Off-The-Shelf (COTS) based hardware and protocols. Furthermore, the emergence of new industrial paradigms, such as Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things, sets additional requirements regarding e.g. scale, transparency, agility, flexibility and efficiency. Therefore, in these domains, application layer protocols such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT) are gaining popularity, in result of their simplicity, scalability, low resource-usage and decoupling between end nodes. However, such protocols were not designed for real-time applications, missing key features such as determinism and latency bounds. A recent work proposed extending MQTT with real-time services, taking advantage of Software Defined Networking (SDN) to manage the network resource. These extensions allow applications to specify real-time requirements that are then captured by a resource manager and used to reserve the necessary resources at the network layer. This paper shows that such MQTT extended architecture is analyzable from a worst-case timing perspective. We derive a system model that captures the real-time features and we present a response-time analysis to assess the schedulability of the real-time traffic. Finally, we validate the analysis with a set of experimental results

USE OF ISSR MARKERS FOR STRAIN IDENTIFICATION IN THE BUTTON MUSHROOM, AGARICUS BISPORUS

ABSTRACT The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated specious of edible mushrooms all over the world. Originating from a limited heritage line, commercial strains of A. bisporus are supposed to be genetically very similar. Many highly polymorphic molecular markers have been exploiting for strain identification in wild and commercial strains of this mushroom. ISSR marker with the whole-genome coverage, accuracy and reproducibility as well as robustness has proved to be a promising marker for genetic diversity analysis of many crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of ISSR markers for genotype identification in common button mushroom, A.bisporus. For this purpose, 18 A.bisporus genotypes, including four cultivars, 13 hybrid strains and their single spore progenies along with an indigenous wild strain, were assessed for their similarity using 20 ISSR primers. Out of 20 primers, 10 proved to be discriminative in A.bisporus, producing 110 scorable and 76 polymorphic bands. The similarity degree was calculated for each couple of genotypes according to the Jaccard coefficient and grouping was carried out by the UPGMA clustering analysis. ISSR primers successfully identified every single individual; however, high similarity was detected among genotypes. As we expected, the wild genotype Dezful exhibited little relatedness with other genotypes and placed in a separate individual group. Genotypes IM0037 and Dezful with similarity coefficient of 0.44 and genotypes 737 and IM00Ca12 with similarity coefficient of 0.937, were accordingly the least and the most similar genotypes. Our result demonstrates that ISSR markers are powerful enough for detection of polymorphism among closely related genotypes of A. bisporus

Clinical Findings of Sydenham Chorea in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Purpose Sydenham chorea is known for its rapid, irregular, and aimless involuntary movements and is considered a benign and self-limiting condition among the major manifestations of rheumatic fever. The current study reviewed the demographic, clinical, and paraclinical findings of pediatric patients with Sydenham chorea. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 22 patients with Sydenham chorea who were admitted to the pediatric wards of Mashhad Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals between 2006 and 2016. Data from these patients’ medical records were extracted, organized using checklist forms, and analyzed. Results Eight patients were male and 14 were female. The average age was 10.09±3.53 years. In 31.8% of patients, chorea was the only sign of rheumatic fever. Chorea was unilateral in 21.1% of patients. The most common clinical findings were, in descending order, jerky movements, facial grimacing, gait disorders, mental disorders, speech disorders, muscle weakness, and milkmaid's grip. Cardiac auscultation was normal in 76.2% of patients, while a holosystolic murmur was heard in 23.8%. In laboratory exams, 50% of patients were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)-positive, 31.2% were C-reactive protein (CRP)-positive, and 53.3% were anti-streptolysin O (ASO)-positive. Echocardiography showed the prevalence of mitral regurgitation (63.6%), aortic regurgitation (45.5%), tricuspid regurgitation (22.7%), pulmonary regurgitation (4.5%), and pericardial effusion (4.5%). Conclusion This study showed that Sydenham chorea can be the only sign of rheumatic fever. This disease typically occurs in children between the ages of 7 and 12. ESR, CRP, and ASO can be the most effective laboratory tests for diagnosis

Biomaterials in Valvular Heart Diseases

Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs as the result of valvular malfunction, which can greatly reduce patient\u27s quality of life and if left untreated may lead to death. Different treatment regiments are available for management of this defect, which can be helpful in reducing the symptoms. The global commitment to reduce VHD-related mortality rates has enhanced the need for new therapeutic approaches. During the past decade, development of innovative pharmacological and surgical approaches have dramatically improved the quality of life for VHD patients, yet the search for low cost, more effective, and less invasive approaches is ongoing. The gold standard approach for VHD management is to replace or repair the injured valvular tissue with natural or synthetic biomaterials. Application of these biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of this type of heart disease. The focus of the present review is the current use of different types of biomaterials in treatment of valvular heart diseases

Side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystems based on machine learning techniques

Empirical thesis.Bibliography: pages 117-128.1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of side-channel cryptananlysis -- 3. Elliptic-curve cryptosystem implementation -- 4. Pre-processing stage -- 5. Support-vector machine as a side-channel classifier -- 6. Neural networks as side-channel information classifiers -- 7. Thesis conclusion and recommendations for future work.This thesis presents a promising approach to Side-channel attacks on the cryptosystems based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). This approach is based on machine learning analysis in characterisation of side-channel information. The original contribution of this thesis is to verify the performance of machine-learning techniques in terms of neural networks (NN), support vector machines (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA). In this project, PCA is used as a powerful algorithm in the preprocessing stage to decrease the computational complexity of the input dataset, while SVM and NN are utilised as efficient multi-class classiffiers to recognise and classify different patterns of side-channel information.In order to investigate the proposed method, an experiment based on the power consumption and electromagnetic emission of an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of ECC was conducted. Regarding our experimental results based on an FPGA implementation of ECC, PCA can be used as a strong preprocessing stage to reduce the signal-noise ratio, data-set dimension and algorithm complexity. In addition, after verifying the performance of different techniques and specifications such as kernel functions, neural-network architect and parameters, we inferred that the most efficient machine-learning techniques for side-channel information characterisation are LVQ neural network (with a number of hidden layers between 90 and 100), and SVM with Gaussian RBF kernel function with parameter p value of 5 and 50 for CS and M-SVM2 SVM models respectively with about 80 to 85 % accuracy.Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (xxii, 128 pages) illustrations (some colour

211001

MQTT is an application-layer protocol that eventually became popular in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) thanks to its simplicity and effective publisher-subscriber messaging model that enables its use in embedded resource-constrained devices. However, MQTT features a limited set of Quality-of-Service classes addressing exclusively message delivery, impairing its use in IIoT applications subject to timeliness requirements. This limitation of MQTT has been addressed in the literature, but with focus on the broker real-time operation, only. This paper adds to the state-of-the-art, by proposing a set of extensions to the MQTT protocol grounded on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) that enable, at the network level, attaining real-time communication services. Simulation results validate the benefits of the proposed extensions.This work is funded by the FCT/MCTES through national funds and, when applicable, co-funded by community funds under the projects UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020 and UIDB/04234/2020. It is also supported by Portuguese National Funds through FCT scholarship PD/BD/137388/2018.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Extending MQTT with Real-Time Communication Services Based on SDN

MQTT is one of the most popular application-layer protocols used in the scope of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Industrial-Internet-of-Things (IIoT), given its suitability for resource-constrained embedded systems. However, MQTT Quality-of-Service policies do not support timeliness requirements, which is common in IIoT. The literature reports several research works that address this limitation, but they are limited in scope (e.g., improvements in the broker’s internal operation, control of the publisher’s data rate, and path optimizations). Conversely, this paper presents a comprehensive architectural approach, proposing a set of extensions to the MQTT protocol that allow applications to explicitly specify real-time requirements and instantiate corresponding network reservations to enforce the desired temporal behavior. Such reservations are enforced via Software Defined Networking, specifically the OpenFlow protocol, but other protocols that allow bandwidth reservations, e.g., TSN, can also be used. This paper presents the proposed system architecture together with extensive emulation and implementation results that validate the feasibility of the approach, showing that time-sensitive MQTT traffic can be effectively segregated and prioritized to meet application-defined real-time requirements. Using several combinations of network topologies and load levels and comparing to the absence of the proposed real-time mechanisms, both average and worst-case latencies of the time-sensitive traffic decreased to approximately half, while for the normal traffic, they increased by approximately 10%

U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry, and petrogenesis of oxidant granitoids at Keybarkuh, southwest of Khaf

Keybarkuh area is located 70 km southwest of Khaf, Khorasan Razavi province. The study area is situated in northeastern Lut block. The rock units in the area are Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Cretaceous to Tertiary subvolcanic intrusions intruded as dike, stock and batholith; their composition varies from granite to diorite. Based on magnetic susceptibility, the intrusive rocks are divided into oxidant and reduced series. In this study, the oxidant intrusions are discussed. These intrusions are mostly high-K to shoshonitic and also meta-aluminous type. Their magma formed in subduction magmatic arc and they belong to I-type granitoid series. Enrichment of Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) such as Rb, Cs, K, Ba, and Th relative to High Field Stength Elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Zr, and Ti supported the idea. Enrichment of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and depletion of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) are also typical of subduction magmatism. Negative anomalies of Eu/Eu* can be attributed to the presence of residual plagioclase in a mantle source and contamination of magma by reduced continental crust. The amount of Nb > 11 ppm, lower ratio of Zr/Nb 0.706), initial 143Nd/144Nd (> 0.512) and εNd (< -3.5) indicate that magma contaminated by reduced continental crust. Hornblende biotite granodiorite porphyry dated using U-Pb zircon geochronology at 43.44 Ma (Middle Eocene). Based on calculated TDM, magma derived from ancient slab with 820 Ma age in the Keybarkuh area, was affected by the highest continental crust contamination during its ascent